Farming Project Report1" width="1024" height="683" />Dairy farming is a significant source of revenue for small/marginal farmers and agricultural laborers. Animal manure, in addition to milk, is a good source of organic matter for boosting soil fertility and crop yields. The dung’s Gober gas is used for home reasons as well as to power engines that pull water from wells. Feeding the animals with leftover fodder and agricultural by-products is a profitable endeavor.
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Bullocks provide almost all of the draught power for farm activities and transportation. Dairy farming provides year-round work for many people because agriculture is mostly seasonal. As a result, dairy provides year-round work. Small and marginal farmers are the primary beneficiaries of dairy programs. Experts always recommend that farmers begin a small dairy operation. Establishing a small-scale enterprise benefits farmers with little or no prior expertise.
It can be a good way for them to supplement their income. Farmers can gradually expand their farms to large herds in the future. Many banks and financial institutions offer loans to farmers under various development programs to support them. Since the introduction of refrigeration technology in the late 1800s, including direct expansion refrigeration and the plate heat exchanger, milk preservation methods have improved.
Dairy farms could preserve milk by decreasing spoilage caused by bacterial growth and humidity using these cooling technologies. Many countries, including India, the United States, China, and New Zealand, have large dairy sectors that act as critical producers, exporters, and importers of milk. According to the FAO, total milk production has risen steadily since the late twentieth century, with 827,884,000 tonnes produced in 2017.
The dairy sector is a dynamic industry that is always changing. New technology and legislation modify management techniques, allowing the industry to evolve toward greater economic and environmental sustainability. Intensive and extensive systems can be used to categorize management strategies. Extensive systems follow a philosophy of low input and low output, whereas intensive systems follow a philosophy of high input and high output.
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Different management of nutrition, housing, health, reproduction, and waste reflects these beliefs, as well as available technologies, local rules, and environmental conditions. Animals are divided into distinct management units on most modern dairy farms based on their age, nutritional demands, reproductive state, and milk production status. The milking herd, or the group of cows that are now lactating, is frequently maintained the most actively to ensure that their nutrition and surroundings are suitable to produce as much high-quality milk as possible.
On specific farms, the milking herd is separated into milking strings, which are groups of cows with varying nutritional requirements. Dry cows are members of the adult herd who are not being milked during their resting phase before giving birth to their next calf. Heifers are female animals that have not yet given birth to their first calf. They will eventually grow up to replace older animals in the milking herd and are consequently referred to as the replacement herd.
India is home to the world’s greatest livestock population. It is home to 57.3 percent of the world’s buffalo population and 14.7% of the world’s cattle population. In 2011-12, milk production was valued at Rs. 3,05,484 crores. At the end of the Eleventh Plan (2011-12), the country’s total milk production was 127.9 million tonnes per year, with demand predicted to reach 180 million tonnes by 2020.
To meet this demand, milk output must grow at a rate of 5% per year rather than the current 2.5 percent. In 2011-12, the annual growth rate for milk production was at 5%. As a result, there is a huge opportunity/potential for profitable dairy farming to increase milk output.
This cattle breed is native to the Gir forests of Gujarat’s South Kathiawar district but can also be found in Rajasthan and Maharashtra. Bhandari, Desan, Gujarati, Sorthi, Kathiawari, and Surati are some of the other names for it. Gir cattle’s horns are unusually curled, giving them a ‘half-moon’ look. It produces between 1200 and 1800 kilos of milk every lactation. This bread is known for its hardiness and resistance to disease.
Sahiwal is the Punjabi language that emerged in undivided India’s Montgomery region (now Pakistan). Lola, Lambi Bar, Teli, Montgomery, and Multani are all names for this cow breed. The Sahiwal is the country’s best indigenous dairy breed. Sahiwal milk yields between 1400 and 2500 kilos per lactation on average. Haryana, Punjab, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh are just a few of the states where it may be found.
The red Sindhi is primarily prevalent in Pakistan’s Karachi and Hyderabad districts. Sindhi and Red Karachi are two other names for it. This cattle breed’s body color is primarily red, with tints ranging from dark to light red and white stripes. It produces milk in quantities ranging from 1100 to 2600 kilos. In crossbreeding programs, red Sindhi is frequently employed.
Another milch cattle breed is found in Rajasthan’s arid regions. This breed is thought to have arisen from a cross between the Sahiwal, Red Sindhi, Tharparkar, and Dhanni breeds, with a heavy Sahiwal influence. The cows are efficient and excellent milkers. The lactation milk yield ranges from 1062 to 2810 kilos, and they produce 1560 kilograms of milk.
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This cattle breed is native to the Ongole taluk in Andhra Pradesh’s Guntur region. They are a huge, muscular cattle breed with a prominent hump. Ongole is well-suited to heavy-duty draught work. They’re also known as Nellore, and their average milk supply per lactation is 1000 kg.
Deoni is native to Western Andhra Pradesh, but it can also be found in Maharashtra’s Marathwada region and bordering Karnataka. Deoni’s milk output ranges from 636 to 1230 kg each lactation, with an average calving interval of 447 days. Bullocks are employed to help with hard farming.
Detailed project studies will be required for dairy schemes with high outlays. Capital asset purchases, such as dairy cows, shed construction, and equipment purchases, are examples of finance items. The cost of feeding for the first one or two months is capitalized and lent as a term loan.
Land development, fencing, well drilling, diesel engine/pump set commissioning, electrical connections, essential servants’ quarters, godowns, transport vehicles, milk processing facilities, and other costs may be eligible for a loan. Borrowers can use the services of NABARD Consultancy Services (NABCONS) for high-value projects, as they have extensive experience in preparing Detailed Project Reports.
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| No. of Animals | 50 |
| Cost of Animal (Rs. /animal) including transportation | 53,000 |
| Average Milk Yield (liter/day) | 15 liters |
| Covered Floor space per adult animal (sq. ft) | 30 |
| Open space per adult animal (sq. ft) | 100 |
| Manger length/animal in inches | 25 |
| Cost of construction per sift (Rs) | 200 |
| Cost of milking machine with accessories | 5,00,000 |
| Another equipment cost per animal (Rs.) | 1,000 |
| Cost of fodder cultivation (Rs. /acre/season) | 5,000 |
| Insurance premium (% per annum) | 5 |
| Veterinary aid/animal/ year (Rs.) | 1,000 |
| Cost of concentrate feed (Rs. /kg) | 12 |
| Cost of dry fodder (Rs. /kg) | 1 |
| Rate of interest (%) | 12 |
| Repayment period (years) | 6 |
| The selling price of milk/liter (Rs. /kg) | 24 |
| Lactation days | 270 |
| Dry days | 150 |
| Feeding stuff | Cost/kg (Rs) | During lactation period | During dry period | ||
| Quantity (kg) | Cost (Rs) | Quantity (kg) | Cost (Rs) | ||
| Concentrate feed | 12 | 6.5 | 78 | 1 | 12 |
| Fodder (green) | 1 | 25 | Cultivation | 20 | Cultivation |
| Fodder (dry) | 2 | 6 | 12 | 5 | 10 |
| Total | 90 | 22 |
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| Project Cost and Bank Loan | Cost (In Rs) |
| Covered area for 50 cows (30sq.ft/bufalo@200/sqft) | 3,00,000 |
| Cost of construction of boundary & manager for open space and miscellaneous | 2,50,000 |
| Cost of Storeroom construction store room cost (200 sq. Ft @250 per sq. Ft) | 50,000 |
| Cost of 50 cows with a minimum average 15-liter milk yield /day (53000/buffaloes including transportation) | 26,50,000 |
| Cost of dairy appliance @ Rs.1000/Buffalo | 50,000 |
| Cost of a bulk cooler of 500 liter capacity for a shed | 2,60,000 |
| Borewell and pump set installation | 80,000 |
| Electrification | 40,000 |
| Cost of overhead tank & pipeline installation | 70,000 |
| Cost of chaff cutter | 1,00,000 |
| Total | 43,50,000 |
| Cost of medicine, vaccine, and electricity for the first month | 1,35,000 |
| Insurance (5% of the animal cost) | 1,25,000 |
| Cost of feed for the first batch of50 cows for one month, as per the feed chart | Cost of medicine, vaccine, and electricity for the first month |
| Cost of medicine, vaccine, and electricity for the first month | 10,000 |
| Miscellaneous | 11,250 |
| Total recurring expenditure | 3,31,250 |
| Total project cost | 50,12,500 |
| Margin money | 12,53,125 |
| Bank loan 75% of project cost | 37,59,375 |
| Particulars | Income |
| Sale of cow milk per annum | 48,60,000 |
| Sale of manure (5000 Rs/cow/annum) | 2,50,000 |
| Total | 51,10,000 |
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| Year | Loan | Gross surplus | Interest | Principal | Total repayment | Profit | Balance Outstanding Loan |
| 1 | 37,59,375 | 51,10,00 0 | 4,69,921. 8 | 6,26,562. 5 | 10,96,484.3 | 40,13,51 5.7 | 31,32,812.5 |
| 2 | 31,32,812. 5 | 51,10,00 0 | 3,91,601. 5 | 6,26,562. 5 | 10,18,164.0 | 40,91,83 5.9 | 25,06,250 |
| 3 | 25,06,250 | 51,10,00 0 | 3,13,281. 2 | 6,26,562. 5 | 9,39,843.7 | 41,70,15 6.2 | 18,79,687.5 |
| 4 | 18,79,687. 5 | 51,10,00 0 | 2,34,960. 9 | 6,26,562. 5 | 8,61,523.4 | 42,48,47 6.5 | 12,53,125 |
| 5 | 12,53,125 | 51,10,00 0 | 1,56,640. 6 | 6,26,562. 5 | 7,83,203.1 | 43,26,79 6.8 | 6,26,562.5 |
| 6 | 6,26,562.5 | 51,10,00 0 | 78,320.3 | 6,26,562. 5 | 7,04,882.8 | 44,05,11 7.1 | 0 |
Disclaimer: The figures above are entirely fictitious and are just assumed (not verified) to produce excellent outcomes in practice. We are not responsible for any inaccuracies in this project, as well as any decisions or activities performed as a result of using this site.
